5.2.3. Results

Figure 12 show that adaptation actions in the Ecosystems sector yield significant benefits, with a net gain of US$388.6 million from 2025 to 2050. The primary benefit, valued at US$402.8 million, comes from improved air quality regulation through reforestation of 14,500 hectares, using a conservative estimate of US$4,686 per hectare. While reforestation incurs the highest cost at US$14.9 million, it provides long-term ecological and economic value. Other costs include forest planning, training, and monitoring, while additional benefits include erosion control, temperature regulation, and tourism enhancement.

Models used on the cost and benefits analysis — **Figure 12:** Costs and benefits disaggregated from the modelling process for adaptation actions in the Terrestrial Ecosystems sector.